|
The was a group of Japanese woodblock print artists, founded by Toyoharu. His pupil, Toyokuni I, took over after Toyoharu's death and raised the group to become the most famous and powerful woodblock print school for the remainder of the 19th century. Hiroshige,〔Biography of Utagawa Hiroshige in: Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2014). ''100 Famous Views of Edo''. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B00HR3RHUY〕 Kunisada, Kuniyoshi and Yoshitoshi were Utagawa students. The school became so successful and well known that today more than half of all surviving ukiyo-e prints are from it. Founder Toyoharu adopted Western-style deep perspective, an innovation in Japanese art. His immediate followers, Utagawa Toyohiro and Utagawa Toyokuni adopted bolder, more sensuous styles than Toyoharu and specialized in different genres — Toyohiro in landscapes and Toyokuni in kabuki actor prints. Later artists in the school specialized in other genres, such as warrior prints and mythic parodies.〔Johnson, Ken, ("Fleeting Pleasures of Life In Vibrant Woodcut Prints" ), art review in ''The New York Times'', March 22, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2008〕 ==Utagawa school and inherited art-names== It was a Japanese custom for successful apprentices to take the names of their masters.〔 In the main Utagawa school, there was a hierarchy of ''gō'' (art-names), from the most senior to junior. As each senior person died, the others would move up a step. The head of the school generally used the ''gō'' (and signed his prints) as ''Toyokuni''. When Kunisada I proclaimed himself head of the school (c. 1842), he started signing as ''Toyokuni'', and the next most senior member, Kochoro (a name also previously used by Kunisada I, but not as his chief ''gō''), started signing as ''Kunisada'' (Kunisada II, in this case). The next most senior member after him, in turn, began signing as ''Kunimasa'' (Kunimasa IV, in this case), which had been Kochoro's ''gō'' before he became Kunisada II. (The original Kunimasa I had been a student of Toyokuni I.) Following is a list of some members of the main Utagawa school, giving the succession of names, along with the modern numbering of each: * Toyokuni (I) * Toyoshige -> Toyokuni (II) * Kunisada (I) -> Toyokuni (III) * Kochoro -> Kunimasa (III) -> Kunisada (II) -> Toyokuni (IV) * Kochoro (II) -> Kunimasa (IV) -> Kunisada (III) -> Toyokuni (V) See here for a more extensive list. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Utagawa school」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|